Highlights

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“天关”卫星成功发射并取得系列成果入选“2024年中国十大科技进展新闻”

2025年1月22日,由中国科学院和中国工程院主办的“2024年中国十大科技进展新闻”评选结果在南京揭晓。“天关”卫星成功发射并取得系列成果入选该榜单。“天关”卫星首席科学家、国家天文台研究员袁为民代表团队出席发布会并领奖。

“天关”卫星,即爱因斯坦探针(EP),是一颗致力于探测宇宙天体X射线爆发的空间天文卫星。该卫星的研发历经十四年磨砺,团队自主创新,研制出国际上首个大视场X射线聚焦望远镜(WXT,万星瞳)和国际上最大有效面积的深度后随X射线望远镜(FXT,风行天),其探测能力达到国际领先水平。自2024年1月9日成功发射以来,“天关”卫星已发现700多个爆发天体、上千例暂现天体候选体以及480多例恒星耀斑。此外,该卫星团队还向国际天文界发送了100多条天文警报,引导了国际上地面和空间多波段设备的后续观测。

“天关”卫星所探测到的X射线暂现天体种类丰富,涵盖了恒星、白矮星、中子星、各种质量类型的黑洞、伽马射线暴、超新星等,辐射持续时间从几十秒到数月不等,跨越了6个量级。这些发现中还包括了新的爆发现象,其探测目标的多样性前所未有,极大地拓展了人类对动态宇宙的认识。

“天关”卫星项目是中国科学院空间科学二期先导专项立项并实施的空间科学卫星任务之一。卫星于2024年1月9日在西昌卫星发射中心搭载长征二号丙运载火箭成功发射,并于10月31日正式完成在轨验收,交付给科学用户使用。

“天关”卫星将在软X射线这一新的监测窗口开展高灵敏度实时动态巡天监测,旨在发现和探索宇宙中的X射线暂现和爆发天体,并发布预警以引导其他天文设备进行后续跟踪观测。该项目由中国科学院主导,欧洲航天局(ESA)、德国马普地外物理研究所(MPE)和法国国家空间研究中心(CNES)以国际合作形式参与。

天关探测到的X射线暂现源(Credit:EP科学中心)

年度“中国十大科技进展新闻”评选活动至今已举办了31次。评选结果经新闻媒体广泛报道后,在社会上产生了强烈反响,使公众进一步了解国内外科技发展的动态,对普及科学前沿知识起到了积极作用。

中国科学院高能物理研究所承担了该卫星上的深度后随X射线望远镜(FXT,风行天)的研制任务。

(原文链接:http://ihep.cas.cn/xwdt2022/gnxw/hotnews/2024/202501/t20250126_7523458.html

EP Observation

        Source Name:2RXS J063336.9-543522

 

        RA :98.4041

 

        DEC:-54.5897

 

        FXT a/b Mode:ff/ff

 

        FXT a/b Filter: THIN/THIN

 

FXT Notice(“风行天”记)

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News

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02-04

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【中国新闻网】天关卫星捕获高红移伽马射线暴 开启早期宇宙研究新窗口

02-04

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“天关”卫星探测到宇宙早期爆发的软X射线信号

EP Mission

The Einstein Probe (EP) is a mission of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) dedicated to time-domain high-energy astrophysics. Its primary goals are to discover high-energy transients and monitor variable objects. To achieve this, EP employs a very large instantaneous field-of-view (3600 square degrees), along with moderate spatial resolution (FWHM ~5 arcmin) and energy resolution.  Its wide-field imaging capability is achieved by using established technology of novel lobster-eye optics, thereby offering unprecedentedly high sensitivity and large Grasp, which would supersede previous and existing X-ray all-sky monitors. To complement this powerful capability to discover and monitor sources over a wide area, EP also carries a conventional X-ray focusing telescope with a larger effective area to perform follow-up characterization and precise localization of newly-discovered transients. Public transient alerts will be issued rapidly to trigger multi-wavelength follow-up observations from the world-wide community. The satellite has a weight of ~1450 kg and average power of ~1212 W in total. In the normal survey mode, during one orbit of 97 minutes three fields will be observed on the night-side of the sky with a ~20 min pointing each. Over three orbits almost the entire night sky will be sampled, with cadences ranging from several to a few ten revisits per day depending on the sky location. The mission is aimed for launch by the end of 2023 with a nominal lifetime of 3 years (5 years as a goal).

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